Mabilis na kita ba ang habol mo? Money Market ang solusyon!

Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines

Hindi maikakaila sa buhay ng bawa’t isa sa atin na may mga pagkakataong tayo’y nakakaranas ng kagipitan at kinakailangan nating mangutang sa iba para lamang may maipambayad sa ating mga bayarin. May mga pagkakataon pa nga na inilalabas natin ang ating mga credit card para ipambayad sa ating mga pinamili dahil tayo’y walang nakahandang cash na pambayad.


Ganito rin ang nararanasan ng mga gobyerno, bangko, at mga kumpanya hindi lamang dito sa Pilipinas kundi maging sa iba’t ibang dako ng mundo. Dumarating din sila sa puntong kinakailangan nilang mangutang upang may maipangtustos sa kanilang pang araw-araw na mga bayarin at mga gastusin. At isang paraan nila upang maka utang ay ang pag-issue ng tinatawag na Money Market.


One of the sections of a financial market where securities and financial instruments with short-term maturities are traded is called the money market. Financial assets such as treasury bills, certificates of deposits, commercial paper and bankers' acceptance are some of the short-term debt securities traded in the money market.


Money market securities are essentially IOUs issued by governments, financial institutions and large corporations. These instruments are very liquid and considered extraordinarily safe. Because they are extremely conservative, money market securities offer significantly lower returns than most other securities.


Ano ang Money Market?

Ang money market ay isang uri rin ng investment na maihahalintulad sa Bonds. Ito ay iniissue rin ng mga gobyerno at mga kumpanya sa mga investors para may maipangtustos sila sa kanilang mga proyekto at gastusin.


Ang kaibahan nga lang nito sa Bonds ay ang pagdating sa haba o tenor ng utang. Kadalasang hindi lalagpas ang due date ng money market sa isang taon. Ang ibig sabihin nito ay ang issuer ay kinakailangan nang ibalik ang inutang nya sa investor kalakip ang interest pagpatak ng due date.


Isa pang kaibahan ng money market ay ang paraan ng pagbayad ng interest nito. Ang Bonds ay kadalasang nagbabayad ng interest annually, semiannual, o quarterly depende sa terms nito. Sa kabilang banda, ang money market naman ay kadalasang nagbabayad lamang ng interest sa due date nito. Isang halimbawa nito ay kung ang nakasaad sa Money Market na ito’y nagkakahalaga ng 1,000 pesos. Ito’y kadalasang ibebenta ng issuer sa mga investors sa mas mababang halaga (e.g. 950 pesos). Pagdating ng due date nito, ang issuer ay obligadong bayaran ang investor ng halagang 1,000 pesos. Ang diperensya na 50 pesos ay ang magsisilbing interest sa parte ng investor.


The instruments traded in the money market have a short-term maturity period ranging from 30 days to a year. Thus, this market is the best source to invest in liquid assets.
One of the major differences between the money market and the stock market is that most money market securities trade in very high denominations. This limits access for the individual investor. Moreover, the money market is a dealer market, which means that firms buy and sell securities in their own accounts, at their own risk. Contrast this to the stock market where a broker receives commission to acts as an agent, while the investor takes the risk of holding the stock. Another characteristic of a dealer market is the lack of a central trading floor or exchange. Deals are transacted over the phone or through electronic systems.


Until problems surfaced during the global financial crisis, money markets were usually considered for granted as unexciting, low-volatility segments of the financial system. For the most part, money markets provide those with funds—banks, money managers, and retail investors—a means for safe, liquid, short-term investments, and they offer borrowers—banks, broker-dealers, hedge funds, and nonfinancial corporations—access to low-cost funds. The term money market is a general term that covers several market types, which vary according to the needs of the lenders and borrowers. One consequence of the financial crisis has been to focus attention on the differences among various segments of money markets, because some proved to be fragile, whereas others showed a considerable amount of resilience.


Ano ang iba’t ibang halimbawa ng Money Market?

Ang pinakasikat na uri ng money market ay ang tinatawag na Treasury Bills. Ito ay iniissue ng mga gobyerno mula sa iba’t ibang mga bansa at kadalasang may tenor na 3 buwan, 6 buwan, at 1 taon. Dito sa Pilipinas, ang ating gobyerno ay nag-iissue ng Philippine Treasury Bills na may tenor na 91 araw, 182 araw, at 1 taon.


Ang kagandahan sa Treasury Bills ay ito’y napaka-safe na investment dahil kayang-kaya ng mga gobyerno na mag-imprenta ng pera para may ipang bayad sa mga investors. Ngunit dahil maliit ang risk dito, may kaliitan din ang interest sa mga ito.


Ang iba pang halimbawa ng money market ay ang Banker’s Acceptance na iniissue ng mga bangko at ang Commercial Papers na inissue naman ng mga kumpanya. Ang kaibahan ng mga ito sa Treasury Bills ay mas malaki ang interest na ibinibigay ng mga ito dahil ito’y nagtataglay ng mas mataas na risk kung ihahambing sa mga Treasury Bills.


Magkano ang maaari kong kitain dito at papaano ako makakapag-invest dito?

Pagdating sa kita, ito’y dedepende sa kung anong klaseng money market ang hawak mo. Ang treasury bills ay kadalasang nagbibigay ng return o kita na 6.7% para sa tenor na isang taon. Ang mga Commercial Papers naman ay kayang makapagbigay ng return na 10% depende sa estado at credit rating ng mga kumpanya.


Medyo may kamahalan nga lang ang pag-iinvest sa mga Treasury Bills na kadalasang ang minimum na halaga sa mga bangko ay 100,000 pesos. Ngunit huwag mangamba dahil ang isa mo pang option ay ang pag-invest sa tinatawag na Money Market Fund o UITF (Unit Investment Trust Fund) na iniaalok ng mga bangko at asset management companies. Sa halagang 10,000 pesos ay maari ka nang mag-invest dito sa mga piling bangko gaya ng PBCOM.


Sa mga susunod kong articles, akin naming ipapaliwanag ang mundo ng stock market. Sasagutin ko ang mga katanungan ninyo tungkol sa papano ito gumagalaw at ang tungkol sa konsepto ng gains and losses dito.


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About the author

Almario Jr Mendoza

Currently working in one of the biggest Investment Banks in the world. Has extensive experience in accounting, finance, and investments ranging from Bonds, Money Market, and the Stock Market. A member of Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A graduate of Ateneo Graduate School of Business and University of Santo Tomas.
Profession: Certified Public Accountant & Certified Securities Specialist (Philippine Stock Exchange)
Philippines , Metro Manila , Taguig City

 

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Arnel  Manuel
is in the Philippines
May money market ba na good for 30 days lang?
Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines
Hi Arnel,

Yes... merong mga money market na good for 30 days lang. Maaari kang magpunta sa mga bangko gaya ng BPI, Metro Bank, BDO at iba pa para maka-avail nito. Meron silang mga ino-offer na 30 days o mas mababa pa dito ang holding period.

Thanks,
Jay
Roy Nazareno
is in the Philippines
anu po kahalagahan at objective ng mga money market?pa elaborate naman po ang iba pang uri ng money market, tulad ng certificate of deposits, commecial paper at yung bankers acceptance
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