Safe Investment ba ang hanap mo? Bonds ang para sa’yo!

Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines

Marami pa rin sa mga Pilipino ang maituturing na risk-averse o may takot sa mga bagay na risky. Gaya na lamang sa larangan ng negosyo, marami ang hindi pumapasok rito at mas nanaisin pang mamasukan sa mga kumpanya dahil sa takot na ito’y hindi kumita at mauwi lamang sa pagkalugi.


Sa larangan ng investments, karamihan din ay mas nanaisin pang ideposito ang kanilang pinaghirapang pera sa mga bangko na nagbibigay ng maliit na interest dahil sa konsepto na ito’y safe at walang masyadong risk.


Ibinahagi ko kahapon ang konsepto ng stocks at ang mga benepisyong maaaring makuha rito. Subalit ang pag-invest sa stocks ay hindi para sa lahat. Ito’y isang uri ng investment na may malaking returns o kita subalit kapalit nito ay malaking risk din. Ika nga sa kasabihan, “mas malaki ang risk, mas malaki ang rewards.”


Pero hindi kinakailangang mangamba dahil meron pang ibang uri ng investments na maaari mong piliin kung ayaw mo ng malaking risk at ninanais mong magpaka-safe. Isa rito ay ang pag-invest sa Bonds.


Ano ang Bonds?


Ang Bonds gaya ng stocks ay isang pamamaraan din ng mga kumpanya at gobyerno upang makakalap ng pondo para sa kanilang mga proyekto at mga gastusin.


Ito’y isang uri ng kontrata na kung saan ay pinapautang ng mga investors ang mga issuer ng bonds gaya ng mga kumpanya at gobyerno kalakip ang kasunduan na ibabalik ng mga ito ang buong halaga sa mga investors kasama ang interest sa napagkasunduang panahon.


Kalimitang maigugrupo ang bonds ayon sa kung sino ang issuer nito. Isa dito ay Government Bonds na kung saan ay ini-issue ito ng iba’t ibang mga gobyerno sa buong mundo. Isang halimbawa nito ay ang Philippine Treasury Bonds na ini-issue ng ating gobyerno at kadalasang may due date na mahigit isang taon.


Ang Corporate Bonds naman ay ini-issue ng mga kumpanya at kalimitang nagtataglay ng mas mataas na interest kung ihahambing sa government bonds. Isang halimbawa nito ay ang San Miguel Corp. Bonds na ipinamahagi ng San Miguel Corporation nitong Abril lamang.


Companies and governments also need money, as we ordinary people do. For example, a company requires funds to expand into new markets, while governments need money for everything from infrastructure to social programs. The problem large companies face is that they usually need a lot more money than the average bank can provide. The solution is to raise money by issuing bonds (or other debt instruments) to a public market. Thousands of investors then each lend a portion of the capital needed. Actually, a bond is nothing more than a loan for which you are the lender. The organization that sells a bond is known as the issuer. We can think of a bond as an IOU given by a borrower (the issuer) to a lender (the investor).


Bakit maituturing ang Bonds na safe investment?


Sa pangkalahatan, ang Bonds ay maituturing na safe investment dahil sa ilang katangian nito. Gaya na lamang sa Government Bonds, dahil may kakayahang ang mga gobyerno na mag imprenta ng pera kung kinakailangan, ang risk na ikaw ay hindi mabayaraan ay napakaliit.


Ang mga Corporate Bonds naman ay maituturing rin na safe sa kadahilanang napakalaki ang chance na ikaw ay mabayaran sa napagkasunduang panahon (due date). Ito ay dahil kung ang kumpanya ay malulugi, inuuna nila ang mga bondholders sa pagbabayad mula sa mga natitira nilang assets kaysa sa mga may-ari ng stocks na kung minsan ay wala pang matatanggap.


Magkano at papaano ako mag-iinvest dito?


Maari kang nang mag-invest sa Bonds sa pamamagitan ng pagbili sa mga ito sa mga Trust departments ng mga bangko. Isa pang option ay ang pagbili mula sa mga Bond Funds sa mga bangko na inooffer ng mga UITFs (unit investment trust funds) o mutual funds sa mas mababang presyo na kadalasa’y nagkakahalaga lamang ng mga P5,000 hanggang P10,000.


Sa mga susunod kong articles, akin namang ipapaliwanag ang tungkol sa konsepto ng kita sa stocks at bonds. Akin ding sasagutin ang mga katanungan ninyo kung paano nagkakaroon ng gains at losses dito at kung papaano tumatakbo ang stock market.


Companies and governments also need money, as we ordinary people do. For example, a company requires funds to expand into new markets, while governments need money for everything from infrastructure to social programs. The problem large companies face is that they usually need a lot more money than the average bank can provide. The solution is to raise money by issuing bonds (or other debt instruments) to a public market. Thousands of investors then each lend a portion of the capital needed. Actually, a bond is nothing more than a loan for which you are the lender. The organization that sells a bond is known as the issuer. We can think of a bond as an IOU given by a borrower (the issuer) to a lender (the investor).

A bond is a debt instrument used by one party to borrow money from another. It is a bit similar to an IOU. Oftentimes, the borrower agrees to pay a set percentage, or coupon rate, to the lender for the use of the borrowed money. The party borrowing the money is called the issuer. Corporations, governments, municipalities, or other agencies can issue bonds when they need to borrow money for a specific purpose. The buyers of those bonds are lending money to the issuer for a specific period of time. At the end of that period (maturity), the bond matures and the issuer must pay back the original amount in full. The main components are: Price, Interest Rates, Yield, and Maturity.

The issuer of a bond must of course pay the investor something extra for the privilege of using his or her money. This "extra" comes in the form of interest payments, which are made at a predetermined rate and schedule. The interest rate is often referred to as the coupon. The date on which the issuer has to repay the amount borrowed (known as face value) is called the maturity date. Bonds are known as fixed-income securities because you know the exact amount of cash you'll get back if you hold the security until maturity.


Should I invest in bonds? The short answer is yes. Bonds are generally considered less risky than stocks, but they have also been rising in price for the most part of 20 years.

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About the author

Almario Jr Mendoza

Currently working in one of the biggest Investment Banks in the world. Has extensive experience in accounting, finance, and investments ranging from Bonds, Money Market, and the Stock Market. A member of Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A graduate of Ateneo Graduate School of Business and University of Santo Tomas.
Profession: Certified Public Accountant & Certified Securities Specialist (Philippine Stock Exchange)
Philippines , Metro Manila , Taguig City

 

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