Ang Biglang Pagbagsak ng PSEI (Ikatlong Bahagi)

Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines

Ang growth rate naman ay may formula na


G = RR x ROE

RR = Retention Rate

ROE = Return on Equity


Ang formula sa itaas ay nagsasabi na ang growth rate ay nakadepende sa dalawang factors: ang retention rate at ang ROE.


Ang retention rate ay nangangahulugang iyong iniipon samantalang ang ROE ay nangangahulugan namang kita. Sa praktikal na aspeto, ang ibig sabihin nito ay kung ang kita (ROE) mo ay palaki ng palaki habang ang iyong iniipon (retention rate) ay palaki rin ng palaki, ang iyong pondo ay paniguradong lalaki rin na nangangahulugang pagtaas ng growth rate. Ito’y madaling intindihin dahil alam naman natin na kapag marami tayong naiipon sa bangko ay mabilis din ang paglago (growth) ng ating pera dahil tumataas ang ating interest na nakukuha.


Kung babalikan ang aspeto ng Constant dividend discount model, ang growth rate ay ibinabawas sa required rate of return. Ang ibig sabihin nito ay habang lumalaki ang growth rate (at ang required rate of return ay hindi gumalaw), ang denominator ay bababa, na magdadala sa presyo para ito’y tumaas.


Kaya’t madalas ko na sinasabi na importante ang growth rate ng isang kumpanya dahil isa itong paraan upang malaman kung tataas ba o bababa ang stock price nito.


Ang formula ng required rate of return naman ay makikita sa ibaba:


Required Rate of Return


R = RFR + Beta (Rmarket – RFR)


R = Required rate of return

RFR = Risk free rate

Beta = Beta ng stock

Rmarket = Rate of return sa merkado

Rmarket – RFR = market risk premium o ang return sa itaas ng risk-free rate para ma-accomodate ang additional na unsystematic risk.


Ang risk free rate ang tawag sa rate na kalimitang walang risk na hatid. Ito ay kadalasang nagmumula sa rate na ibinibigay ng mga safe investments gaya ng government treasury bills na napakasafe dahil kayang kaya ng mga gobyerno na mag-imprenta ng pera na pambayad sa mga investors nito.


Ang beta naman ang tawag sa volatility o risk na hindi maabot ang inaasahang target. Mataas ito sa 1 kapag mas volatile ang movement nito kaysa sa merkado, samantalang mababa naman ito sa 1 kapag hindi ito gaanong volatile. Ang rate of return sa merkado naman ang tawag sa return na makukuha mula sa merkado. Halimbawa ay ang average return na ibinibigay ng isang stock sa industriyang kinabibilangan ng kumpanya.

Makikita dito na ang required rate of return ay nakadepende rin sa risk o beta. Kaya nga napakahalaga ng konsepto ng risk sa stocks. Kapag ang ekonomiya ng isang bansa ay hindi maganda, tumataas ang risk na sya namang nakakaapekto rin sa Beta at sa required rate of return ng isang stock. Tatandaan natin na kapag ang required rate of return sa formula ay tumaas, ang presyo ng stock ay babagsak.


Isang maipapayo ko sa mga investors ay tignan munang maiigi ang stock price ng mga bibilhing stock at alamin kung ito ba ay overpriced o underpriced. Magandang malaman ang totoong value nito dahil sa event ng isang krisis o pagbagsak ng stock market, ang presyo ng mga overpriced stocks ay madalas na bumabalik sa fair price nito o sa totoong halaga nito. Ang sentiment ng mga investors ang syang nagpapataas o nagpapababa sa stock price at magandang ang iyong binili ay naaayon sa totoong halaga ng stock at hindi sa sentiment o emosyon ng mga investors.


History has proven that investing in quality stocks can provide greater returns than most investment instruments. This offers an ordinary Pinoy investor, overseas Filipino worker the best chance in achieving financial goals and gives you the ability to later enjoy the benefits of their money.


4. Ang pagbagsak ng piso at ang pag-alis ng mga Foreign Investors sa bansa.


Nakaapekto rin ang pagbaba ng halaga ng piso sa pagbagsak ng stock market. Ito ay dahil marami sa mga nag-invest sa ating stock market ay mga dayuhan (foreigners). Ang lebel ng palitan ng pera ay nakadepende sa inflow ng US Dollars sa ating bansa. Kapag mas maraming pumapasok ng U.S. Dollars sa bansa, ang dolyares ay humihina at ang halaga ng piso ay tumataas.


Ipinaliwanag ko na ang konspeto ng depreciation sa unang bahagi nitong article. Nakaapekto ang pagbaba ng piso dahil sa ang mga investors na ito ay nabili ang mga stocks nitong nakalipas na mga buwan sa kasagsagan ng kataasan ng piso.


Halimbawa nito ay kung si American ay nag invest sa Philippine stock market nitong Marso at bumili ng stocks sa halagang $100,000. Kung ang palitan ng piso ay 1:40 nung buwan na iyon, ang ibig sabihin ay halagang 4 milyon pesos ang kanyang biniling stocks. Ngayong buwan, dahil ang piso ay nasa 1:43 na, kung icoconvert ang halaga ng stocks nya sa US dollars, ang halaga na lamang nito sa ngayon ay $93,000 [P4 mio x (1/43)]. Sa puntong ito, ay nalugi na sya ng 7,000 dollars sa kanyang stocks.


Dahil dito, ang mga foreign investors ay nagdesisyong ipagbili ang kani-kanilang mga hawak na stocks sa Pilipinas na sya namang lalong nagpabagsak sa demand sa mga ito. Gaya ng aking paulit ulit na sinasabi, kapag ang demand ay mababa, ang presyo nito ay bumabagsak.


Nevertheless, making money in the stock market (equities) is not easy. It not only requires a lot of patience and discipline, but also a great amount of research and a good understanding of the market, among others. Remember that you should always avoid following the crowd if you don't want to lose your hard-earned money in stock markets. The world's greatest investor Warren Buffett was wise when he said, 'Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful.' Don’t try to time the market. Catching the tops and bottoms is a myth. More people have lost far more money than people who have made money. A lot of investors lose money in stock markets because of their inability to control emotions, particularly fear and greed. Greed increases when investors read stories of huge returns being made in the stock market in a quick time. In a bear market, on the other hand, investors panic and sell their shares at rock-bottom prices. Thus, fear and greed are the emotions that should be avoided when investing, and investors should not to be guided by them. Also, invest only your surplus funds.

As a Shareholder, a person can participate in the company's growth and success through stock Price Appreciation and by earnings Dividends. Capital or price appreciation is an increase in the market price of your stock over time brought about by an increase in its potential value and the demand to buy its shares. The faster a company can grow, the faster its price can appreciate. Profitable corporations can also issue dividends, whether in cash or in additional shares of stock as a means for shareholders to share in their distributed profits. You should also treat investing in the stock market as a business. That means understanding your own profit and loss as well as the companies in which investments are made. For example, before investing in a company ask yourself, “Is the company’s product or services improving, growing better than its competitors?"


Sa mga susunod kong article, akin namang tatalakaying ang konsepto ng bond market at kung papaano ito nakakaapekto sa iyo bilang investor.

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About the author

Almario Jr Mendoza

Currently working in one of the biggest Investment Banks in the world. Has extensive experience in accounting, finance, and investments ranging from Bonds, Money Market, and the Stock Market. A member of Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A graduate of Ateneo Graduate School of Business and University of Santo Tomas.
Profession: Certified Public Accountant & Certified Securities Specialist (Philippine Stock Exchange)
Philippines , Metro Manila , Taguig City

 

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