Ang mga dapat mong malaman hinggil sa Stock Trading

Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines

Malamang ay napanood at narinig mo na sa telebisyon ang patungkol sa mga balita hinggil sa stocks. Kadalasang naririnig natin ang mga nag-uulat na nagsasabing ang presyo ng BPI stock halimbawa ay umabot na sa 107 nitong araw o dili kaya naman ay bumaba ito sa 106.

Subalit, hindi maitatanggi na marami sa mga Pilipino ngayon ay hindi pa rin alam kung papaano nagpapabago bago ang presyo ng stocks at kung papaano ito tumataas o bumaba. Ang mga kaalamang ito kasama na ang mga importanteng terminolohiya ang ipapaliwanag ko ngayon nang sa gayo’y handa ka nang sumabak sa larangan ng stock trading.

Ano ang stock market at papaano gumagalaw ang presyo ng mga stocks dito?

Ang stock market ay isang pampublikong entity na kung saan ay nagaganap ang trading o pagpapalitan ng mga stocks sa isang napagkasunduang presyo. Dito nagaganap ang bilihan at bentahan ng mga stocks ng mga listed companies sa stock market gaya ng Jollibee, BDO, ABS-CBN, at iba pa. Dito sa Pilipinas, ang Philippine Stock Exchange ang kumakatawang stock market sa ating bansa.

Pagdating naman sa presyo ng stocks, ito’y tumataas o bumaba ayon sa supply and demand nito. Ito’y bunga ng tinatawag na law of supply and demand na ating napag-aralan sa kursong Economics. Isinasaad nito na ang presyo ng isang bilihin ay tumataas kung ang demand nito ay mataas at sa kabilang banda, ito’y bababa kung demand nito ay mababa.

Isang praktikal na halimbawa ng law of supply and demand ay sa buwan ng Pebrero na kung saan ay nagmamahal ang mga presyo ng mga bulaklak dahil sa panahong ito tumataas ang demand sa mga ito.

Sa stocks naman, ang presyo nito ay tumataas din kung ang demand nito ay mataas at bababa naman kung ang demand nito ay mababa. Ngayon ang posibleng tanong mo ay: Bakit tumataas ang demand sa mga ito at bakit may pagkakataong bumababa ang demand sa mga ito?

Ang demand ng stocks ay kadalasang nakadepende sa sentiment o pananaw ng mga investors sa estado at lebel ng kita ng mga kumpanya. Halimbawa nito ay kung si Pedro ay nakikita na ang SM ay kikita ng malaki sa bagong proyektong pinasok nito at nabababasa nyang tuloy-tuloy ang kita nito. Malamang ay bibilhin nya ang stocks ng SM. Kung nagkataon na marami rin ang nagdesisyon na bumili ng stocks ng SM dahil sa magandang performance nito ay paniguradong ang presyo nito ay tataas.

Papaano magbasa ng stocks at ano ano mga terminolohiyang kailangan malaman ko?

Makikita sa larawan ang pangkaraniwang itsura ng stock market table. Ito’y kadalasang makikita mo sa dyaryo o sa internet na nagprepresenta ng kalagayan ng presyo ng mga stocks sa isang nakasaad na petsa.


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Source: http://business.inquirer.net/122787/philippine-stock-market-table-may-20-2013

Una at Pangalawang Column:

52-WK High and Low – Dito mo makikita ang pinakamataas at pinakamababang presyo ng stock sa loob ng nakalipas na 1 taon (52 weeks) mula sa petsang nakasaad. Sa ating halimbawa sa itaas, ang 52-wk high and low ay ang pinakamataas at pinakamababang stock prices magmula May 19, 2012 hanggang May 19, 2013 para sa datos natin na as of May 20, 2013.

Ito’y mahalagang datos dahil magagamit mo itong strategy sa pagbili o pagbenta ng iyong stocks. Isang halimbawa ng strategy dito ay ang pagbili ng stocks kapag lumagpas na angcurrent stock price sa 52 week high nito at ang pagbenta kapag ito’y bumaba na sa 52 week low nito.

Pangatlong Column:

Stocks – Dito nakasaad ang pangalan ng kumpanya ng stocks. Kadalasang dito mo rin malalaman ang uri ng stock kung ito ba ay common o preferred stock.

Pang-apat hanggang Pang-pitong Column:

Open – Ito ay ang presyo sa pagsisimula ng araw ng trading.

High – Ito ay ang pinakamataas na presyong naabot ng stocks para sa araw ng trading.

Low – Ito ay ang pinakamababang presyong naabot ng stocks para sa araw ng trading.

Close – Ito ay ang presyo sa pagtatapos ng araw ng trading.

Pang-walong Column:

Volume – Ito ay nagpapakita ng bilang ng dami ng stocks na nai-trade para sa buong araw. Ito’y isang napakahalagang datos din dahil magagamit mo itong strategy upang malalaman ang posibleng patunguhan ng presyo ng stocks at dito mo malalaman kung may nagmamanipula sa stock prices. Isang magandang application nito ay kung ang presyo ng stock ay tumataas, dapat na kakitaan din ito ng pagtaas ng volume nito upang masabi na ang presyo nito ay talagang tataas. Abangan ninyo ang mga susunod ko pang artikulo tungkol sa kung papaano nacocompute ang stock prices at ang valuation nito.

History has proven that investing in quality stocks can provide greater returns than most investment instruments. This offers an ordinary Pinoy investor, overseas Filipino worker the best chance in achieving financial goals and gives you the ability to later enjoy the benefits of their money.

Nevertheless, making money in the stock market (equities) is not easy. It not only requires a lot of patience and discipline, but also a great amount of research and a good understanding of the market, among others. Remember that you should always avoid following the crowd if you don't want to lose your hard-earned money in stock markets. The world's greatest investor Warren Buffett was wise when he said, 'Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful.' Don’t try to time the market. Catching the tops and bottoms is a myth. More people have lost far more money than people who have made money. A lot of investors lose money in stock markets because of their inability to control emotions, particularly fear and greed. Greed increases when investors read stories of huge returns being made in the stock market in a quick time. In a bear market, on the other hand, investors panic and sell their shares at rock-bottom prices. Thus, fear and greed are the emotions that should be avoided when investing, and investors should not to be guided by them. Also, invest only your surplus funds.


As a Shareholder, a person can participate in the company's growth and success through stock Price Appreciation and by earnings Dividends. Capital or price appreciation is an increase in the market price of your stock over time brought about by an increase in its potential value and the demand to buy its shares. The faster a company can grow, the faster its price can appreciate. Profitable corporations can also issue dividends, whether in cash or in additional shares of stock as a means for shareholders to share in their distributed profits. You should also treat investing in the stock market as a business. That means understanding your own profit and loss as well as the companies in which investments are made. For example, before investing in a company ask yourself, "Does the company’s product or services improving, growing better than its competitors?"

Abangan ninyo ang mga susunod ko pang artikulo tungkol sa kung papaano nacocompute ang stock prices at ang valuation nito.


About the author

Almario Jr Mendoza

Currently working in one of the biggest Investment Banks in the world. Has extensive experience in accounting, finance, and investments ranging from Bonds, Money Market, and the Stock Market. A member of Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A graduate of Ateneo Graduate School of Business and University of Santo Tomas.
Profession: Certified Public Accountant & Certified Securities Specialist (Philippine Stock Exchange)
Philippines , Metro Manila , Taguig City

 

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