Ang Konsepto ng Taxation (Unang Bahagi)

Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines

Parte na ng buhay ng mga Pilipino ang magbayad ng Tax. Marami nga sa atin ang nagrereklamo kung gaano kalaki ang tax na binabayaran natin buwan-buwan at tila napupunta lamang sa wala o dili kaya ay sa bulsa ng mga pulitiko, dahil na rin sa nakikita nating tila wala masyadong pinagbago sa ating paligid. Tax is an involuntary fee levied on corporations or individuals that is enforced by a level of government in order to finance government activities.


Ngunit ano nga ba ang tax at ano-ano ang mga klase nito? Papaano ba ito kino-compute?


Ano ba ang Taxation?


Ito ay isang inherent power o nakapaloob ng kapangyarihan ng isang estado, sa pamamagitan ng saligang batas, na makalikom ng revenue para sa mga pangangailangan at expenses ng gobyerno.


Taxation is when governments require citizens to pay a certain amount of money to help fund public institutions. Taxes are used to pay for things like public education, welfare programs, transportation infrastructure, defense funds and libraries.


Ano ang iba’t ibang uri ng Tax?


Napakaraming kategorya ng tax pero sa puntong ito, akin lamang bibigyan ng pansin ang uri ng tax ayon subject matter, burden, at sa rate nito.


1. Ayon sa subject matter:


a. Personal Tax – ito ang tax na binabayaran ng mga tao ayon sa kanilang kinita.

b. Property Tax – ito naman ang tax na assessed sa mga property.

c. Excise Tax – Ito ang tawag sa tax para sa paggamit ng isang pribilehiyo (privilege)

d. Custom Duties – Ito ang tax para sa mga bagay o commodities na iniimport o inexport sa atin mula sa ibang bansa.


2. Ayon sa burden:


a. Direct Tax – ito ang tawag sa tax na kung saan ang liability para sa pagbabayad ng tax at ang impact o burden nito ay nasa iisang tao. Isang halimbawa nito ay ang income tax.

b. Indirect Tax – ito naman ang tawag sa tax na kung saan ang liability para sa pagbabayad ng tax ay nasa isang tao ngunit ang burden nito ay maaari nyang ipasa sa iba. Isang halimbawa nito ay ang VAT.


3. Ayon sa rate:


a. Progressive Tax – ang rate o amount ng tax ay tumataas kung ang halaga ng income na itatax ay tumataas. Ito ang sinusunod dito sa Pilipinas.

b. Regressive Tax - kabaliktaran naman ito ng Progressive tax na kung saan ang tax ay bumaba habang ang income na itatax ay tumataas.

c. Proportionate Tax – ito naman ang tawag kung ang tax ay nakabase sa fixed proportion ng value ng property na inaassess.


Ano-anong mga ahensya ang involved as Tax administration?


1. Bureau of Internal Revenue – Ito ay para sa national taxes (internal revenue)

2. Bureau of Customs – ito ang ahensya na nangangasiwa nga tax sa mga bagay o commodities na iniimport o inexport sa atin mula sa ibang bansa.

3. Provincial city at municipal assessors at treasurers – Ito ay para sa local at real properties taxes gaya ng sa lupa.


Taxation is principal method by which a government gains revenue into its budget. That revenue goes into a vast number of items, from paying debt, deafening the potential for implementing certain policies to paying for public services and welfare benefits and the military, etc.


Sa ikalawang bahagi ng article na ito, akin namang ipapaliwanag ang klasipikasyon ng individual income tax at ang formula nito.

About the author

Almario Jr Mendoza

Currently working in one of the biggest Investment Banks in the world. Has extensive experience in accounting, finance, and investments ranging from Bonds, Money Market, and the Stock Market. A member of Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A graduate of Ateneo Graduate School of Business and University of Santo Tomas.
Profession: Certified Public Accountant & Certified Securities Specialist (Philippine Stock Exchange)
Philippines , Metro Manila , Taguig City

 

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