Papaano maging isang Stock Analyst?

Almario Jr Mendoza
is a Financial expert in the Philippines

Bilang isang stock and investment analyst, marami ang nagtatanong sa akin kung anong procedure ang aking ginagamit upang masabi kong mainam bang bilhin (buy), ibenta (sell), o hawakan (hold) ang isang stock o investment.


Ngayon, aking ipapaliwanag sa inyo ng masinsinan kung papaano ko ito ginagawa at kung papaano maging isanga ganap na advisor sa larangan ng investments.


Ang unang step sa aking trabaho ay ang tinatawag na industry analysis. Sa bahaging ito, ang tagasuri (analyst) ay inaalam ang lahat ng mga bagay hinggil sa kumpanyang kanyang aarilin. Sa aking experience bilang U.S. stock analyst, una kong inaalam ang profile ng isang kumpanya. Dito ay pag-aaralan mo kung sino sino ba ang mga kalaban o competitors ng kumpanya, ang kanyang sector o industriyang kinabibilangan, at ang mga services o produkto na kanyang ibinebenta.


Halimbawa nito ay ang kumpanyang sinuri ko nitong umaga, ang China Petroleum & Chemical Corp. o mas kilala sa tawag na Sinopec ltd. Ang kumpanyang ito ay kasalukuyang nakalista sa New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at may ticker na SNP. Base sa aking research, ang kumpanyang ito ay nasa larangan ng oil and gas at kasalukuyang pang lima sa ranking ng Fortune global top 500 companies. Ito na ang pinakamataas na ranking na naabot ng anumang Chinese company sa listahang ito.


Aking napag-alaman na ang mga main competitors nito ay kinabibilangan ng mga sumusunod: ang PetroChina Co. (PTR), CNOOC Ltd. (CEO), at ang Exxon Mobil (XOM).


Sa bahaging ito na alam ko na ang profile ng kumpanya, ang susunod ko namang titignan ay ang tungkol sa mga ulat o pangyayari tungkol sa kumpanya at sa mga kalaban nito sa industriya. Dito rin ay inaaaral ko ang tungkol sa kalagayan ng ekonomiya ng mga bansang may malaking operasyon ang kumpanya at ang pandaigdigang kalagayan ng merkado.


Sa aking halimbawa, aking napag alaman na kamakailan lamang, ang China Petroleum (SNP) ay nag-issue ng $3.5 billion halaga ng bonds, ang pinaka malaki sa kasaysayan ng Asya (maliban sa Japan). Ito ay maliban pa sa $3.1 billion halagang nalikom nito sa pamamagitan ng private placements nitong Pebrero.


Ang aking sumunod na tinignan naman ay ang pangkalagayang ekonomiya ng China at ang kalagayan ng industriya ng oil industry. Aking napag alaman dito na sa nakaraang first quarter, ang China ay nagkamit ng GDP growth rate na 7.7% na masasabing steady growth rate kung ihahambing sa ibang ekonomiya sa mundo.


Ang susunod kong aaralin naman ay ang tungkol sa mga recent acquisitions at expansions ng kumpanyang aking sinusuri. Dito ay sinusuri ko ang tungkol sa revenue growth potential ng kumpanya pati na rin ang kapasidad nito na mapanitili ang kanyang market share. Napakahalagang malaman ang revenue growth potential ng isang kumpanya dahil sa pamamagitan nito tumataas ang halaga ng isang stock price. Kung patuloy sa pagtaas ang stock price ng isang kumpanya, paniguradong malaki ang kikitain ng investor mula dito.


Sa aking halimbawa, aking napag alaman na ang China Petroleum (SNP) ay bibili ng mga assets sa mga bansa gaya ng Russia, Columbia, at Kazakhstan na nagkakahalaga ng kabuuang $1.5 billion mula sa kanyang parent company. Ito ay nakalinya sa kanyang hangaring taasan ang kanyang proven overseas reserves sa 330.2 million barrels.


Ang susunod kong step ay ang tinatawag na Financial Analysis. Sa bahaging ito ay sinusuri ko ang recent financial statements ng kumpanya at akin itong inihahambing sa mga nakalipas na record nito. Sa bahaging ito aking tinitignan ang mga datos gaya ng Assets, Liabilities, Equities, Income, at Expenses ng kumpanya. Dito ay tinignan ko kung magkano ang itinaas ng kita ng kumpanya at sinusuri ko ang mga financial ratio nito gaya ng Debt to Equity ratio, Current ratio, at Quick ratio na magagamit kong basehan upang malaman ang kabuuang estado ng kumpanya. Kung ito ba ay may kakayahang magbayad at ipagpatuloy ang operasyon nito, at kung ang estado nito ay nakakaangat kung ikukumpara sa iba pang kumpanya sa industriya nito.


History has proven that investing in quality stocks can provide greater returns than most investment instruments. This offers an ordinary Pinoy investor, overseas Filipino worker the best chance in achieving financial goals and gives you the ability to later enjoy the benefits of their money.


Nevertheless, making money in the stock market (equities) is not easy. It not only requires a lot of patience and discipline, but also a great amount of research and a good understanding of the market, among others. Remember that you should always avoid following the crowd if you don't want to lose your hard-earned money in stock markets. The world's greatest investor Warren Buffett was wise when he said, 'Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful.' Don’t try to time the market. Catching the tops and bottoms is a myth. More people have lost far more money than people who have made money. A lot of investors lose money in stock markets because of their inability to control emotions, particularly fear and greed. Greed increases when investors read stories of huge returns being made in the stock market in a quick time. In a bear market, on the other hand, investors panic and sell their shares at rock-bottom prices. Thus, fear and greed are the emotions that should be avoided when investing, and investors should not to be guided by them. Also, invest only your surplus funds.


As a Shareholder, a person can participate in the company's growth and success through stock Price Appreciation and by earnings Dividends. Capital or price appreciation is an increase in the market price of your stock over time brought about by an increase in its potential value and the demand to buy its shares. The faster a company can grow, the faster its price can appreciate. Profitable corporations can also issue dividends, whether in cash or in additional shares of stock as a means for shareholders to share in their distributed profits. You should also treat investing in the stock market as a business. That means understanding your own profit and loss as well as the companies in which investments are made. For example, before investing in a company ask yourself, "Does the company’s product or services improving, growing better than its competitors?"


Abangan ninyo ang ikalawang bahaging article tungkol sa kung papaano maging Stock Analyst at ang mga iba pang kinakailangang malaman sa pagsuri ng stocks.


About the author

Almario Jr Mendoza

Currently working in one of the biggest Investment Banks in the world. Has extensive experience in accounting, finance, and investments ranging from Bonds, Money Market, and the Stock Market. A member of Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A graduate of Ateneo Graduate School of Business and University of Santo Tomas.
Profession: Certified Public Accountant & Certified Securities Specialist (Philippine Stock Exchange)
Philippines , Metro Manila , Taguig City

 

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